What is mixed field reaction in blood bank?

In transfusion medicine, mixed-field agglutination refers to mixed reactions during cell typing where two distinct cell populations are present: agglutinated cells admixed with many unagglutinated cells. The presence of two or more cell populations is known as chimerism.

What is chimerism blood bank?

Chimerism is the presence of 2 cell populations in a single individual. A patient who received a bone marrow or stem cell transplant from a non-group identical donor will have 2 populations of red blood cells until the new type is established.

How do you solve ABO discrepancy?

In this situation, the discrepancy can be resolved by washing and re-suspending patient RBCs in saline, followed by repeat forward typing with anti-A and anti-B.

What causes mixed field?

One of the potential causes of mixed field reactions on ABO and Rh typing is the presence within an individual of a chimeric state or mosaicism4,5. A chimera is present when two or more distinct cell populations containing genetic material from more than one zygote exist within an individual.

Which is the most common ABO blood group in Australia?

O positive
The most common blood type in Australia is O positive and the least common is AB negative.

Can a person have 2 different blood types?

Human and animal chimeras can have two different blood types at the same time. It may be similar amounts of each blood type. For example, in one case, a female chimera had blood that was 61 percent type O and 39 percent type A.

What is the legendary blood type?

The rarest blood type is Rhnull. Unlike other blood types, people with Rhnull blood have no Rh antigens on their red blood cells. Researchers estimate that just 1 in 6 million people have Rhnull blood.

What is the purpose of blood grouping?

The accurate grouping of blood is very important when it comes to having a blood transfusion. If blood is given to a patient that has a blood type that is incompatible with the blood type of the blood that the patient receives, it can cause intravenous clumping in the patient’s blood which can be fatal.

How do you perform blood grouping?

The test to determine your blood group is called ABO typing. Your blood sample is mixed with antibodies against type A and B blood. Then, the sample is checked to see whether or not the blood cells stick together. If blood cells stick together, it means the blood reacted with one of the antibodies.

What are the four ABO discrepancies?

The table that follows provides four useful categories. Weak, missing reactions (including mixed field) in the forward (red cell) typing. Unexpected reactions in the forward (red cell) typing. Weak or missing reactions in the reverse (serum) typing.

What is forward and reverse typing?

Forward typing- A blood typing procedure whereby patient red blood cells are mixed with Anti-A and Anti-B reagents. Reverse typing – A blood typing procedure where patient serum is mixed with reagent A cells and reagent B cells. The results should be the opposite of forward typing.

What does a mixed field mean in blood work?

A mixed field result occurs when a different type of blood is transfused into the patient. Patients are often given non-type pacific blood. The patient may be a AB patient that may receive A or B red cells. This occurs when the blood bank has no AB red cells available.

Are forward type blood test results mixed field?

Medical Technologist often find themselves questioning if the forward type results are mixed field. A mixed field result occurs when a different type of blood is transfused into the patient. Patients are often given non-type pacific blood. The patient may be a AB patient that may receive A or B red cells.

What is mixed field agglutination in serology?

Mixed field agglutination in serology usually describes the presence of two populations of red cells. Here we present images with two uncommon reasons for mixed field reaction.

What causes discordant ABO typing in mixed field reactions?

In a mixed field reaction, two different ABO groups are present in the same sample, causing discordant ABO typing. The front and back type results are not as predicted. Dean L, Pratt V, McLeod H, Rubinstein W, Dean L, Malheiro A. ABO blood group [updated 2015 Jul 27]. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. 2012. [Medline].