What is LRFD design method?

Limit State Design (LSD), also known as Load And Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), refers to a design method used in structural engineering. A limit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteria.

What is LRFD Bridge design?

The AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are intended for use in the design, evaluation, and rehabilitation of bridges. The specifications employ the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology, using factors developed from current statistical knowledge of loads and structural performance.

What is LRFD load combinations?

For LRFD, the load combinations are as follows: 1.1.4D. 2.1.2 D+1.6L+0.5(Lr or S or R) 3.1.2D+1.6(Lr or S or R)+(L or 0.5W) 4.1.2D+1.0W+L+0.5(Lr or S or R)

What is the lever rule in bridge design?

Lever rule – An approximate distribution factor method that assumes no transverse deck moment continuity at interior beams, rendering the transverse deck cross section statically determinate. The method uses direct equilibrium to determine the load distribution to a beam of interest.

What does Aashto LRFD stand for?

AASHTO LRFD. Current provisions for lightweight concrete in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ LRFD [Load and Resistance Factor Design] Bridge Design Specifications are based on research from the 1960s.

What is dynamic load allowance?

A dynamic load allowance (DLA) is a quantitative measure of dynamic effects exerted in addition to static loads by moving vehicles on highway bridges. FDOT manages over 6400 such bridges and precise information about their performance, due to heavy (so called: permit) vehicles, is critical for its Maintenance Office.

Why should LRFD be used?

LRFD has higher available strength when directly compared to the ASD available strength. However, LRFD uses load factors so it also has a higher “required strength” on the left-hand side of the equation.

How do you calculate LRFD?

Using LRFD LC-2, the combined design load equals 1.2 times the dead load plus 1.6 times the live load, or 15.6 kips….ASD.

LRFD-LC1	1.4(D+F)
LRFD-LC2c	1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5R
LRFD-LC2i	1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.2Di + 0.5S
LRFD-LC3a	1.2D + 1.6Lr + (0.5 or 1)*L
LRFD-LC3b	1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.8W

What are Ashto standards?

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols, and guidelines that are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States.

How many load combinations are there in LRFD?

seven
Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) involves seven basic load combination equations.

What are the procedures based on the LRFD?

The procedures are based on: (1) the LRFD framework, and (2) fundamental principles that include the latest developments and understanding of the behavior of these devices. The new procedures are applicable to both seismically-isolated and conventional bridges. Examples of design of con-

How do you calculate load and resistance in LRFD?

With LRFD we calculate nominal loads and nominal resistances. For resistances we find nominal resistances (Rn) and they are multiplied by “phi” to obtain factored resistances. For loads, nominal loads (Qi) are multiplied by load factors (Yi) to obtain factored loads. Instead of lumping all loads we usually keep them separate.

What does LRFD stand for?

2) Seismic Load Condition (LRFD Load Combination: Extreme Event I). Consider the case of design earthquake (DE). No checks are performed for the Maximum Earthquake (such check is required only for seismic isolators). The vertical factored load is

What are the AASHTO LRFD bridge design procedures?

For service conditions, the design procedures parallel those of the latest AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications (AASHTO, 2010) except that equations are cast into simpler form. The maximum earthquake effects are defined as those of the design earthquake multiplied by a factor.